PrEP and PEP: Everything you need to know about HIV prevention

HIV prevention has evolved significantly in recent years, and today there are highly effective medications to reduce the risk of infection: PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis) and PEP (Post-Exposure Prophylaxis). Both methods are offered free of charge by the Unified Health System (SUS) in Brazil and are part of the strategies to combat HIV transmission.

What is PrEP?

Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) is a preventive method that consists of daily use of an antiretroviral medication before possible exposure to HIV. Its main objective is to prevent the virus from establishing itself in the body in the event of contact with it.

How does it work?

PrEP uses a medication composed of two antiretrovirals:

Tenofovir

Emtricitabine

These substances block the replication of HIV, preventing it from spreading throughout the body and causing a permanent infection. When taken correctly, PrEP reduces the risk of HIV infection by more than 99% during unprotected sex and by about 74% in cases of needle sharing.

Who can take PrEP?

PrEP is recommended for people who have a higher risk of exposure to HIV, such as:

People who have unprotected sex with partners of unknown HIV status or living with untreated HIV.

Men who have sex with men (MSM).

Transgender and transvestite people.

Sex workers.

Serodifferent couples (when one partner has HIV and the other does not).

People who use injectable drugs.

How to take PrEP?

PrEP should be taken daily, preferably at the same time, to ensure effectiveness. The medication begins to take full effect after:

7 days of use for protection during anal intercourse.

20 days of protection during vaginal intercourse or for those who share syringes.

Where can I get PrEP?

PrEP is available free of charge through the SUS (Brazilian public health system), health units, specialized outpatient clinics and Testing and Counseling Centers (CTA). To start using it, you must have a medical consultation, undergo laboratory tests and follow regular monitoring.

What is PEP?

Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) is an emergency treatment indicated for people who have had possible exposure to HIV. It consists of using a combination of antiretroviral medications for 28 days, drastically reducing the risk of infection by the virus.

How does it work?

PEP works by preventing HIV from establishing itself in the body after exposure to the virus. To be effective, it must be started as soon as possible, preferably within the first 2 hours and no later than 72 hours after exposure.

Who should use PEP?

PEP is recommended for anyone who has had a risky exposure to HIV, such as:

Unprotected sexual intercourse with a partner of unknown status or living with HIV without treatment.

Condom breakage or incorrect use.

Sexual violence.

Occupational accident with biological material (such as needle sticks in health professionals).

Sharing syringes.

How to take PEP?

The treatment lasts 28 days and it is essential to take the pills daily, at the same time, without interruption. If the treatment is interrupted early, its effectiveness may be compromised.

Where can I get PEP?

PEP is offered free of charge by the SUS and can be obtained at:

Emergency Care Units (UPAs).

Emergency Rooms.

Testing and Counseling Centers (CTA).

Specialized HIV/AIDS services.

PEP care is available 24 hours a day in emergency units, ensuring that treatment begins as quickly as possible.

Important to remember

Neither PrEP nor PEP protect against other STIs (Sexually Transmitted Infections) such as syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia. Condom use remains essential.

PrEP only works if taken correctly every day. It is not effective if taken occasionally.

PEP should be started as soon as possible, as its effectiveness decreases over time after exposure.

With these prevention strategies, it is possible to significantly reduce HIV transmission and ensure a healthier and more protected life. If you fit the profile to use PrEP or needed PEP, seek out a health service and take care of your health!